Trabalho, Educação e Saúde - TES (Work, Education and Health) is an open access scientific journal, edited by the Joaquim Venâncio Polytechnic School of Health, from Oswaldo Cruz Foundation.
Trabalho, Educação e Saúde (TES) publishes original contributions on the fields of education and health, discussing them from the perspective of contemporary work organization, from a critical and interdisciplinary perspective. To submit a text, please consult the Editorial Policy and the Instructions to Authors.
Editorial
Editorial - A brief inventory of concerns in scientific
communication
The article analyzes ways of life and organization of work of community health workers working in rural communities served by Basic Fluvial Health Unit, in the city of Manau, Brazil. Daily activities and challenges of these professionals were investigated, interaction with the families served, links with the communities and with the natural environment. Exploratory qualitative research conducted in 17 rural riverside communities distributed on the left bank of Rio Negro, along 190 kilometers. Data collection in 2021 and 2022 covered semi-structured interviews, staggered issues of attachment to the place and participant observation of the performance of community health workers. The results showed that the qualification of these workers meets the main demands of daily work in rural areas. The time of experience was relevant in the position, indicating robust knowledge of nature and attachment to the place/community, established by kinship links, identification and knowledge of the natural environment. They rebuild intersectoral practices, prioritizing interventions associated with social, micropolitical and cultural determinants of the health-disease process and participation in communal life in households accessed exclusively by river displacement and spread across a vast territory. The intramural administrative work was interpreted as deviation of function and removal of daily interactions in households, generating dissatisfaction and demotivation of these workers.
Article
The insufficient articulation between Primary Health Care and Specialized Ambulatory Care has been seen as one of the main obstacles to the organization of integrated health systems. This study aimed to evaluate of the implementation of Primary Health Care macro-processes was carried out in the municipalities of Caxias (Northern Brazil), Cristalina and Ji-Paraná (both Central-Western Brazil) and in the East Region of the Brazilian Federal District; and the Specialized Ambulatory Care in two municipalities - Caxias and Ji-Paraná - and in the East Federal District Region. Were considered the dimensions: Planning and management; Health promotion and care; Diagnostic and Therapeutic Support; and Articulation between care levels. The index of implementation of the Primary Health Care of Caxias was ‘satisfactory’ (8.54), Cristalina ‘intermediate’ (7.83) and Ji-Paraná and East Region ‘incipient’ (7.18 and 7.24, respectively). In Primary Health Care, the best results came from ‘Planning and management’ and ‘Health promotion and care’; and the most fragile, the ‘Articulation between levels of care’. Regarding Specialized Ambulatory Care, the best results were from ‘Planning and management’ and greater weaknesses were found in ‘Diagnostic and therapeutic support’. This study can contribute to changes in the cases presented, as well as offer lessons learned for other scenarios whose planning is in the implementation phase or will be implemented.
Article
Institutional Support is a Paidea Method´s resource to achieve co-management with a view to transforming a given reality. In the state of Bahia, Brazil, the Institutional Support emerged in 2007 to establish a new way of managing the Primary Health Care, in order to implement the guidelines of the State Primary Health Care Policy, evidencing the relevance of the work process developed in this context. This study aims to analyze the working process of the Institutional Supporters who work in the primary health care management of the State Health Secretariat in Bahia. This is a case study with a qualitative approach, carried out at the State Health Secretariat in Bahia, involving supporters and leaders. The data were produced by means of individual interviews and analyzed according to the methodological theoretical framework of the hermeneutics-dialectics. The results show ambivalent perceptions about the elements of the work process of Institutional Support and little reference to institutional management and planning documents, suggesting dependence on the individual characteristics of the Institucional Supporters for structuring the work. However, the study presents the potential to trigger a process of reflection/inflection in Institucional Supporters and leaders on the role of the support developed by the state management of primary health care, aiming at promoting (re)conformation of these practices and strengthening their policy.
Article
This is a cartographic study that sought to analyze the performance of family and community physicians in primary care of supplementary health, carried out through diaries and cartographic interviews between March 2021 and January 2022, which were weekly processed in research meetings. This study was based on the analyzers: ‘territory’, ‘family’ and ‘community’. It was noticed that territorialization and family approach gain other contours in Family and Community Medicine practiced in supplementary health. In addition, it was found that some of the typical tools of basic care – such as home visits, health education, genogram, ecomap and health surveillance – were not used in supplementary care or had other dissonant applicabilities of the recommended model. It was concluded that Family and Community Medicine in supplementary health approaches a more clinical practice, with loss of power from the power lines that constitute such specialty, tending to a less familiar and community medicine.
Article
This study aimed to identify strategies adopted by professionals working in basic health care, in a municipality in the southern region of Brazil, and to analyze their perceptions about factors that are difficult and facilitating in caring for people with needs arising from the use of substances. This was a study with a predominantly qualitative approach. The sample consisted of 32 participants for quantitative data collection and 11 for qualitative data collection. The data were analyzed by means of the ThematicCategorial Content Analysis, using the NVivo 12 software. The data indicated that the main facilitating strategies and factors were the attendance to spontaneous demands, home visits, family and reception. At the level of intervention, the articulation of support services and networks, matrix support, bond and multidisciplinarity and interprofessionality were evidenced as possibilities and potentialities in the work processes. As for the difficulty factors, there were excessive demands, fragility of bonds, stigma and prejudice, low adherence, centralization of services, insufficient professional training, lack of a matrix support, hegemony of the biomedical and institutionalized model, and divergence between care policies and practices. These results are expected to contribute to the formulation and implementation of policies and care practices for people who use drugs.
Article
This article aimed to analyze the types of work bond of nurses from Primary Health Care in Brazil. This was a cross-sectional study of a quantitative and descriptive approach. Secondary microdata related to the breakdown of the external evaluation research of the Access Improvement Program and the Quality of Basic Care were used. As for the type of bond, except for the Northern Region (33.70%), all other regions presented as the main respondent for statutory public servants: South (66.20%), CentralWest (56.50%), Northeast (40.33%), Southeast (36.69%). Nurses with temporary contracts for public administration and temporary service contracts had important participation in the Northeast (29.51% and 19.33%) and Central-West (16.03% and 17.86%). Contract and employee through Consolidation of Labor Laws had more expression in the Southeast (23.54% and 8.27%) and in the South (5.93% and 19.31%). In the Southeast, the participation of workers employed by social health organizations was expressive. The growing presence of precarious labor links was noted, to the detriment of stable bonds. The new forms of flexible organization of work relationships bring significant impact to the work process, overload nurses in inadequate working conditions, and compromise the quality of care, reducing the resolubility of Primary Care.
Article
In an attempt to create own mitigation strategies for COVID-19, municipal and state health systems organized independently, creating their own care flows, and often placing little emphasis on the work done by Primary Health Care and the community health worker. The objective of this study is to analyze the contingency plans available in the states and capitals that are signatories to the Northeast consortium, under the objectives of the Primary Health Care and the action of the community health worker. Twentyfour public and free-access documents were used as data source, referring to the year 2020, accessed between February and April 2021. These data were discussed based on three categories: care flows, assistance at the first level of care and the role of community health workers. The prioritization of high complexity services and an important limitation in the actions of primary care were observed. It is also noteworthy the restriction of the potential of the community health worker, a professional who, in most of the plans analyzed, had its actions directed toward the accomplishment of bureaucratic activities, such as the reorganization of labor flows, to the detriment of territorial actions and health education.
Article
This article presents and debates historical elements of quilombola struggle and resistance as significant aspects for the production of health and defense of life in these territories. We articulate and reflect upon the importance and limits of the Family Health Strategy in the recognition, appreciation and integration of knowledge and practices of quilombola communities to professional health care focusing on their work processes. This study results from a participatory health research developed with workers of a Family Health Strategy in a quilombola community from north of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) during the COVID-19 pandemic. We concluded that, despite the potential of the Family Health Strategy, the challenges for comprehensive health care in the territory studied tend to compromise the community’s protagonism – especially that of women – and the effectiveness of care. Quilombola knowledge, experiences and ancestral memories of care are not valued within the scope of the Family Health Strategy. These aspects have little impact on territorialized health care and, therefore, far from a public policy of rights.
Article
In order to analyze the repercussions of the socio- political and normative context for the organization of work in primary care, considering the composition, forms of supply of workers and the perception of managers about performance according to the type of bond, a qualitative study was carried out in 16 municipalities in the northern macro-region of Paraná, Brazil. Coordinators and health secretaries were interviewed from July to October 2021. The findings were presented in three categories: organization of primary care; forms of hiring professionals; and perception of managers about the workers’ performance according to the work bond. There is a preponderance of the Family Health Strategy in the organization of work in the 16 municipalities studied, in which there was the existence of primary care teams in only three. Regarding the forms of hiring, there was an increase in precarious bonds. Regarding the managers perception regarding the performance related to the type of bond, it is evident the idea that outsourced professionals present greater dedication when compared to those who have stability. The socio- political and normative context interfered in the organization and form of provision of professionals, as well as in the managers perception regarding performance and work bond.
Article
From the cartography method conduction, this research sought to investigate, with workers and users of a psychosocial care center, the ways of everyday invention of mental health care, considering the effects of micropolitics of work and the pandemic context of COVID-19. Health work, in this sense, is a micropolitical production among all the actors involved in the territory in which the Psychiatric Reform takes place in daily life, going through numerous challenges in a field of forces and clashes for the consolidation of a psychosocial care model based on care in freedom, citizenship and autonomy of users of mental health services. In order to carry out the investigation, cartography was established in two acts: in the first one, with a collective of workers from a psychosocial care center, the tool ‘user-guide’, which intends to build the narrative of a user’s care path; in the second, together with the users of the same service, their unique paths were built in the search for mental health care.
Article
This article analyzes the working conditions in the pharmaceutical industry based on a qualitative study composed of semi-structured interviews with workers in the sector. Contrary to the national scenario of deindustrialization and unemployment, the medicine production is on the rise, both in terms of sales and job openings, despite the recent economic and health crises. In order to understand the production model of the pharmaceutical industry and its impacts on the lives of those who work in the sector, we interviewed ten workers from two national manufacturers of generic medication located in the Agroindustrial District of Anápolis, in Goiás. The results indicate that the companies studied are structured on the basis of sophisticated forms of control and intensification of production, resulting in a work environment that is susceptible to the deterioration of physical and mental health.
Article
Chagas is a disease caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi and a socio-environmental health problem present throughout the world. One of the routes of transmission of this parasite is through contact with feces of infected kissing bugs. In Argentina there are vector control programs that are responsible for preventing this route of transmission. Specifically, those who are in charge of this work are the field technicians, who are practically all men. Through a qualitative and interpretive approach that included interviews, documentary analysis and observation, we investigated why women do not participate in this occupational area in the National Program of Chagas. Most of the people interviewed justified the lack of women based on gender stereotypes. Another group indicated that it is due to the possible damage that insecticides would generate in women. We found that there is occupational segregation by gender towards women and other sex-gender identities, since there are no official recommendations or regulations which forbids women to perform in this type of job. We believe that it is necessary for the work teams to be diverse in terms of gender, since it would improve vector control interventions and strategies in the different territories.
Article
The article addresses the importance of intercultural collaboration in the training of nurses to guarantee the right to health in communities of the Wichí people. It describes and analyzes debates that were developed among professionals, from different disciplines, in charge of the elaboration of the curriculum of the first Intercultural Nursing course taught in the indigenous territory of the province of Salta (Argentina). The analysis of these debates shows that spaces for intercultural collaboration, oriented towards recognition, appreciation and mutual respect among diverse knowledge systems, are a valuable resource for the training of nurses. These spaces contribute to guarantee the participation recognized in international frameworks for indigenous peoples and valued by World Health Organization and Pan American Health Organization for the construction of health responses. However, the regulations established for the approval of study plans in Argentina limit the development of this type of space, thereby restricting in turn the scope of health policies and programs focused on this population.
Article
Labor sexual division causes inequality between genders, as well as situations of violence directed at women in the workplace. In the pharmaceutical area, the female majority, and the insertion in multiple scenarios, which involve contact with the public and different professional partnerships, increase exposure to violence. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the characteristics of situations of violence experienced by women pharmacists in the workplace. For this, a qualitative approach was carried out based on the content analysis of an online survey, answered by women pharmacists (n=381) registered with the Regional Council of Pharmacy of Minas Gerais state, Brazil. The NVivo® software was used. Four categories emerged: “Living with disrespect, threats and vulnerability”, “Sexism and structural machismo that silence, diminishes and stuns”, “Discrimination against women as an obstacle to equity”, “Sexual harassment and objectification of women”. Several expressions of violence emerged in the workplace and coming from multiple aggressors. Women pharmacists acknowledged being professionally harmed and little recognized for their technical capacity. Lack of protection of pharmaceutical integrity in the work environment was reported. It is hoped that these results will shed light on gender inequality in the pharmaceutical workplace, with emphasis on violence, broadening the discussion and providing evolution in this mostly female profession.
Article
Capitalism, in its stage of dominance of fictitious capital, accentuated by the dimensions of its pandemic, economic and ecological crisis, has intensified the superexploitation of the labor force in the world and, particularly, in Brazil. In this perspective, this article aims to analyze the manifestations of the superexploitation of the workforce among health workers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. The article is structured in four parts. The first discusses the dimensions of the value of labor power. The second deals with the mechanisms of superexploitation of the workforce. The following section discusses the manifestations of superexploitation among health workers in recent years. And the final part presents data on how superexploitation has occurred in the scenario of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. Currently, in the COVID- 9 pandemic scenario, there is a significant percentage of health professionals with work overload, with working hours beyond 40 hours per week, some having to resort to more than one employment relationship to survive. Such manifestations represent the terrible working conditions of this category of workers, in addition to contributing to illness and the high number of accidents at work.
Article
Cytopathology technicians are fundamental for cervical cancer screening, but there are gaps in their training. In this literature review, with a qualitative approach, carried out in the Virtual Health Library and in SciELO, without temporal clipping, we describe the history of public policies to combat cervical cancer, relating it to the history of technical professional education in cytopathology, analyzing the connections between such sequences of events. In a historical perspective, professional education in pathological anatomy was mainly through in-service training, but the field of technical training in cytopathology differs from this model. Various efforts have been made to structure curricula in the area and reduce discrepancies in this training. However, disputes between political and economic interests, marking the technical division of labor in the country, added to corporate clashes in the work on cytopathology, and the mismatch between education and screening actions prevented the effective materialization of these efforts. The demand for the incorporation of new technologies further accentuates the fragility in the formation of the category. Only with concrete government actions of training and professional regulation will it be possible to transform this scenario, favoring the development and expansion of campaigns for
early detection of cancer in Brazil.
Article
There is an estimated deficit of six million nurses worldwide. Despite its importance for health systems, sociodemographic studies are scarce due to the absence of systematized data specific to nurses. The objective of this study was to compare the population coverage of nurses in Brazil based on sources from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), in the years 2010 and 2015, and the Federal Nursing Council (Cofen), in the years 2013 and 2019. In both sources, there was an average increase of 164 thousand nurses throughout Brazil. The growth rate for the period of the IBGE surveys (15.7% per year) was triple that recorded in the Cofen data (5.3% per year). Coverage in the states of Brazil remains below the international recommendation (40 nurses per 10 thousand inhabitants), with greater deficits in the states of the North and Northeast regions. The comparisons in this study reiterate the importance of the availability of standardized and systematized data for Nursing in Brazil. Accurate health indicators subsidize public policies to reduce health inequities, with emphasis on the coverage of nurses, especially in regions with high socioeconomic vulnerabilities.
Article
Permanent Education in Health legitimized health education based on meaningful learning, experiences in daily work and collective problem solving, in addition to being based on the four-way approach, based on teaching, management, attention and social control. The COVID-19 pandemic has required new ways of doing health and education, especially in the prison system, where overcrowding is an impediment to social isolation. This study aimed to identify, through virtual conversation circles, the challenges encountered in daily work and discuss proposals for intervention with the actors of the prison system in the pandemic period, from the perspective of Permanent Education in Health. It was used a qualitative research approach with descriptive, interpretative and comprehensive analysis of the social phenomenon, through Minayo’s thematic analysis of content. From the thematic analysis of content, four categories emerged: challenges of health care in the prison system in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic; challenges for health management in prisons; dialogue between educational institutions and the prison system; and social control and family representation. The virtual conversation rounds provided in-depth discussions and collective constructions, proposing referrals based on the four-way approach of Permanent Education in Health.
Article
In this article, we discuss the working process of the research, the participatory and collaborative methodology for the construction of the website for expanded use in Care, Teaching and Research in the fields of Mental Health Primary Care, which we titled ‘Portfolio of Inspiring Practices in Psychosocial care’, as well as the ongoing actions for its shared management. The whole research analyzed, systematized and categorized practices in primary care and community spaces, building search engines and scientific dissemination for innovative and inspiring experiences throughout the country, in the period from 2015 to 2020. The website gives visibility and relevance to the psychosocial approaches of reception, care and enhancement of life present in the Unified Health System. Alternative experiences to the biomedical model, the basis for an interdisciplinary and deinstitutionalizing perspective of Mental Health in Primary Care.
Article
Considering the insertion of Physical Education Professionals as a workforce in the Unified Health System, this study aimed to analyze the types of ties and the workload of these professionals in the different levels of health care and regions of Brazil between 2007 and 2021. This is a descriptive study of quantitative approach based on research in the National Register of Health Facilities. It was demonstrated that primary health care is the main level of action, followed by secondary and tertiary care. In primary care, the number of registrations of Physical Education Professionals with precarious employment is higher than those with protected employment, but the reverse occurs in secondary and tertiary care. In the South and Southeast regions, a greater number of records of these professionals with a protected work relationship was revealed, and in the other regions the precarious work relationship prevailed. It was identified that 44.7% of the registrations of Physical Education Professionals have workload greater than or equal to 40 hours per week. In conclusion, attention to health can be impaired by the type of the professional’s work relationship by causing turnover and difficulty in the continuity of care.
Ensaio
The crises that characterize our time mirror a civilizational crisis with roots in the monopoly of knowledge, in which the ways of knowing developed by scientific capitalism degrade the environment and subjugate knowledge built in the co-evolution of cultures with nature, territories and means of life. Technology and scientific innovations have taken a central role in today’s society, mediating countless social, environmental and political relations hegemonized by contemporary colonial capitalism. In this essay, we seek to bring reflections on the relationships between the fields of energy and health which, in addition to manifesting successive crises, have been mobilizing the social imagination in recent years as they are governed by socio-technical systems that condition modern ways of life. Energy and health crises are addressed based on their historical constructions, the productive structures they mobilize, the ways of life they create and the social relations they order. We point to the mechanisms by which global circuits of capital export externalities towards populations with less access to mechanical energy available in their socio-technical systems, generating socio-environmental catastrophes, land expropriation, loss of biodiversity, climate change, pollution, poverty, famine and epidemics.
Review Article
Resolutivity relates to the ability to solve health problems in services. In 1999, the Indigenous Health Care Subsystem was integrated into the Brazilian Unified Health System, following its principles and guidelines. The objective of this study was to identify and map the challenges or problems related to health practices for solving in the Indigenous Health Subsystem after integration. This is a scope review that used six national and international databases. Eligible studies were based on mnemonic PCC (P: indigenous population; C: challenges or problems for resolution; C: Brazilian indigenous health subsystem). A total of 1,748 studies were found and 33 were selected, with predominance of qualitative studies. The challenges or problems that are sensitive to the resolution process were found in the aspects that are related to health education, interculturality, universal access and management resources. Traditional knowledge is underrated by the health system. The deficiency of human and material resources, the lack of effective permanent education and capacitations to work in the intercultural context, produce barriers to access and compromise the resolubility in services, thus increasing the inequities in health.
Review Article
This article aims to map the literature on the applications and perceptions regarding the use of digital technologies in the practices of community health workers. This is a scoping review conducted on PubMed, Bireme, SciELO, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus. A total of 63 articles reporting the use of digital technologies by these workers in 24 countries were included. As a result, it was identified that support for maternal and child health is the most prevalent condition in these practices. The identified benefits involve increased access, improved work management, qualification, diversification, expanded training, and increased legitimacy of the profession. The challenges are reflected in limitations regarding community engagement, continuity of care, internet access, electricity, and digital literacy. In conclusion, it supports analyses regarding the irreversibility of the use of information and communication technologies in the world of work, emphasizing the need for their rational use while ensuring comprehensive, universal, and equitable access.
Review Article
The objective of this article was to systematize scientific evidence on the work of community health workers during the pandemic period between 2020 and 2022 in countries in Africa, Asia, Europe and North America. The methodology used was literature review and evidence synthesis in the PubMed and Web of Science databases referring to international scientific productions on the community health workers’ actions. A total of 23 studies were selected for analysis in the categories: characterization of studies; scope of routine actions; and changes in the work process during the pandemic. The scope of the program of these professionals was presented in different ways in the countries studied. Even with interruptions or adaptations, some routine actions were maintained. However, its attributions suffered considerable changes due to the need for social distancing, especially the use of technologies. Strong evidence of its relevance was identified in countries that had or did not have the community health workers program previously. Thus, in view of the comprehensive scope of action, the community health workers should not constitute a temporary solution and not integrated with the formal health organization, but as a fundamental part of a health system to achieve the improvement of the population quality of life.
Review
Resenha elaborada por Ana Paula Procópio da Silva.
Obra: PASSOS, Rachel Gouveia. Na mira do fuzil: a saúde mental das mulheres negras em questão. São Paulo: HUCITEC, 2023.
Review
OLIVEIRA, Dennis. Racismo Estrutural: uma perspectiva histórico-crítica. São Paulo: Dandara Editora, 2021. 212 p.
Review
BAIRD, Marcello F. Saúde em jogo: atores e disputas de poder na Agência Nacional de Saúde Suplementar (ANS). Rio de Janeiro: Fiocruz, 2020. 215 p.
Memory
“Domingos Sávio Alves, in public life was a giant! Great, as only those who are able to personify, in their body, and for a lifetime, the collective struggle of many. Stoic, he endured without weakening all the fragility of his body, because he knew how to nourish himself with the dream of a more just world and to strengthen himself in the daily struggle for the construction of a public and user-centered mental health policy and care. He was twice director of the Juliano Moreira Colony, an important scenario of the Psychiatric Reform. In the post-constitution period of 1988, he was coordinator of Mental Health of the Ministry of Health, in the first period of Brazilian re-democratization, after having been arrested during the dictatorship. In this position, which he held from 1991 to 1996, he produced the Directive ministerial n. 224/1992, first institutional milestone for Brazilian Psychiatric Reform, which created the prototype of the CAPS [psychossocial care centers], and the project that was the basis for the future program De Volta para Casa. He followed, after that, generously – one of his most remarkable characteristics – guiding, welcoming, along with his companions in the fight for an inclusive Mental Health policy, of which he was an eternal militant. He was one of those rare men who are greatly missed by many, but even greater examples, our consolation.” (by Erotildes Leal)
TES republishes this interview granted at a critical moment for mental health (2016) and valuable in any time, in which Domingos addresses the complexity of policies in the area, the need to confront regressive movements and reinforces one of his personal traits, announces possibilities and paths, for management, for training and for social movements.
Conjuncture Note
Healthcare gaps and the demand for physicians in the Brazilian Health System are a chronic problem, especially in the most vulnerable regions of the North and Northeast and in peripheral areas of urban centers. In view of this need, the federal government is recomposing the Mais Médicos Program for Brazil, through the ministries of Health, Education and Finance. The main axes of the program are the provision of doctors in Primary Health Care and the training of these professionals, in this version associated with specialization and professional master’s, with reference to the concept of primary care for integral health. In this note of conjuncture, we bring information about the official trajectory of this recovery movement, briefly recovering characteristics and advances provided by this policy – first established in 2013 – and presenting peculiarities of the current version, proposed by provisional measure n. 1.165, of March 20th, 2023, converted into law (n. 14.621/2023) and sanctioned in July of this year.
Conjuncture Note
The aim of this article is to highlight some notes to think about school education in post-pandemic times. The interfaces between the subject’s formative process and school education in post-pandemic times are in a paradox: on the one hand, the difficulty building, through democratic bias, the proposal of teaching the school unit as a place to make the space of the common, in sharing the school culture; on the other hand, the exclusion that is established in the educational system and that restricts the right to education.
Conjuncture Note
The objective of this conjuncture note is to analyze the development of the Programs Mais Médicos and Médicos pelo Brasil in remote and rural Amazonian areas, pointing out challenges and disputes arising from local implementations. A bibliographical and observational survey was carried out on these programs in the Legal Amazon and the medical provision in the Brazilian Primary Health Care between 2013 and 2022. Literature with positive trends on the work process was identified, as well as primary care indicators with the implementation of Mais Médicos in these localities, but were drastically affected after the rupture of Brazil-Cuba cooperation in 2018. Alternatives such as hiring Brazilian physicians graduates abroad by the Mais Médicos and the promise of career of doctors in Brazil were not enough to ensure reasonable coverage of local teams. Progressive emptying is noticed in Mais Médicos in the region, without the equivalent replacement of Médicos pelo Brasil. Lack of studies is recognized on the Mais Médicos in the Amazon, especially after 2018, as well as data on the initial developments of Médicos pelo Brasil. Filling gaps and overcoming setbacks are necessary in the local medical provision, at risk of perpetuating serious inequalities in the health field.
Acknowledgements