Trabalho, Educação e Saúde - TES (Work, Education and Health) is an open access scientific journal, edited by the Joaquim Venâncio Polytechnic School of Health, from Oswaldo Cruz Foundation.
Editorial
Article
This is an indepth case study that investigated a popular health education practice. This practice sought to contribute to changes in training for the Unified Health System (SUS), since, despite the advances made in public health in Brazil, there is still much progress to be made in order for SUS' principles and guidelines to materialize in care, management and education practices in the health sector. Participant observation was the method used to produce data; documents relating to the organization and development of the course and materials produced by the participating subjects in their course were also used as a source of information. All of the material that was produced was analyzed from the hermeneutics-dialectics perspective, and the theoretical framework used to analyze the experience was that of Paulo Freire. The practice investigated was the continuing education course titled "Health, education and politics: the SUS practice," offered by the Rio Grande Federal University in 2009. Loveliness, dialogue and hope, among others, were the elements of popular education that characterized this educational practice, which did not remain neutral in training the students, but was markedly in favor of a critical-reflective university education designed to meet the interests of the population in the pursuit of consolidating the right to quality public health.
Article
The integration of young people to the labor world has been colored by the restructuring of production, a phenomenon that ranks both work and the future at increasingly unstable and insecure levels. Based on the theoretical consideration that social values are historically and socially situated, and that the liberal ideology of work pervades social life, this investigation aimed to analyze the work values of young people from different social groups. It is a qualitative study that captured the empirical object by analyzing the content of interviews carried out with 86 young people from different social groups in a municipality located in the São Paulo metropolitan region. In general, young people from all groups perceive work as something that is valuable, essential to attain the growth and maturation that is expected in adulthood. The purpose of the study proved to be a little different, since while for some work is the means through which it is possible to achieve the values of consumption and social position, to others it is a means to meet basic survival needs. Thus, the future depends on the direction they take in the labor market, since this is believed to be the main means to materialize other dreams.
Article
The socioeconomic changes that took place in Brazil in the 1980s and the guarantee of public policies by the 'citizen constitution' sparked a transformation in the psi field: the impracticability of the self-employed worker model and the opening of new fields of performance. Among these, Public Health, on its three levels of care, is what has enabled these new forms of integration the most. However, the psychologists' process of dialogue with this field of knowledge has been problematic, a fact that has lead to a type of training that has not provided the necessary readiness for them to work in line with SUS. This article aims to analyze the proposal of training professionals to work in primary care as foreseen under the undergraduate programs in psychology in Fortaleza by means of its political and educational projects. To achieve this, the authors used a qualitative approach and document analysis as their methodological strategy. It was found that, notwithstanding the new curriculum guidelines, psychologists are still trained based on a traditional clinical proposal, with education centered on the intervention model of health. The authors conclude there is a need for changes designed to expand and requalify the training in psychology to work in primary health care.
Article
This study aims to analyze the health education concepts among the professionals on the Family Health team and to think critically about the relationship between health education practices and these workers' discourses. It is a qualitative study that uses discourse analysis as its theoretical framework and observation techniques and interviews to produce its data. The models of healing and conveying knowledge are strongly rooted in the concept and practice of health education, in which a vertical, taxing, superior relationship prevails and under which the professional is the keeper of knowledge. The workers consider themselves as educators, and there is a posture among them that envisions the process of educational work aimed at mutual learning and respect for the population's prior knowledge; however, this perception is only in their discourse and should be incorporated into their practice in order for there to be a change in health services. There is a need for a greater appreciation not only of the role played by the worker as a subject who is a driver of change in the educational practice and in the health care model in force, but also of the importance of acknowledging the users as subjects acting in their own health and capable of intervening in their own reality.
Article
This study sought to investigate and understand the violence experienced in basic health units (UBS) from the perspective of the work processes carried out in health. The characterization of the violence existing in this context, achieved by identifying and understanding the elements that cause this phenomenon, contributes to combating it. Descriptive and exploratory, this study gathered data from focus groups and interviews carried out among health service users, employees and managers. The investigation shows the consequences and impacts of violence in the UBSs, portraying attitudes generated by episodes of violence, as well as preventive actions and mechanisms of support and assistance. The analysis of the results shows not only there is a need both to strengthen the humanization and management of the work in health and to train the area's professionals, but also that these actions should be linked to improved workplace environment and conditions and, thus, better health service provision.
Article
In this qualitative study, a sub-project of the "Evaluation of CAPSs in Southern Brazil" research project, the goal is to get to know the characteristics of mental health care offered by a psychosocial care center (CAPS) in view of its professionals. Data collection was conducted through individual interviews. Thematic analysis was used, and three themes stemmed from the data. In this article, we highlight the theme titled 'characterization of the mental health care provided by the CAPS professionals.' The characteristics of mental health care noticed in the interviews were user autonomy, which, together with the issue of discharge from the service, should be further developed; care focused specifically on the disease as a legacy of hospital care; and the team's concern with the implementation of inclusive psychosocial practices.
Review
Review
Ensaio
This article discusses the possibilities and limits of local action based on the contributions of Portuguese social scientist Boaventura de Sousa Santos as a subsidy to promoting health in vulnerable communities. In particular, the article discusses the concept of structural spaces to understand the proper forms of power, law and knowledge of modern society confronted with increasingly globalized capitalism, with its contradictions and alternatives for emancipatory action. In our opinion, these reflections provide new theoretical and methodological foundations to redirect the local practices of health, en vironment and development. In sum, we consider Boaventura de Sousa Santos' reflections on the dual epistemological rupture; and those of Paulo Freire concerning the unprecedented viable to propose a few guidelines to produce knowledge and the challenge of thinking about the future of these territories among young people in vulnerable community settings, in which borderline survival conditions and violence are part of everyday life and imitate emancipatory actions.
Interview
José Paulo Netto is Professor Emeritus at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (linked to the School of Social Service) and a known Brazilian Marxist intellectual. Holding a Doctorate in Social Work, Netto stands out as the author of works that have also outlined Marxist thought in a didactic manner and without any reductionism. Among these works, we mention "O que é marxismo" (Brasiliense), more recently "Economia política: uma introdução crítica," in coauthorship with Marcelo Braz (Cortez), and the volume, with the collaboration of Miguel Yoshida, from Marx-Engels, "Cultura, arte e literatura: textos escolhidos" (Expressão Popular). With Carlos Nelson Coutinho, he organized three volumes of texts written by G. Lukács ("O jovem Marx", "Socialismo e democratização" and "Arte e sociedade", all by Editora UFRJ).
In this interview, Netto discusses, mainly, dialectics under the Marxist framework, understanding it both as a method of apprehending reality and as the movement of the real. To Netto, although Marx did not write much on the subject, he is an essential benchmark for those who today are looking to analyze and transform reality objectively. In line with this theme, the interview also deals with the relationship between theory and practice, the potential of scientific knowledge, and the contemporary academic logic.
Experience Report
The purpose of this report is to systematize the experience with active methodologies within the technical training of community health agents of the Federal University of Paraíba's Technical School of Health. The course is organized in stages, the first of which has already been completed and was aimed at contributing to building the identity of the community health agents. Applying active methods leads students to reflect on their work process and transform their reality, benefiting from it, given that it awakens a critical sense and the pursuit of changes in their relationships with themselves, with the user, and with the community at large. The results were positive, including with regard to strengthening the use of active methods in the teaching-learning process used at the school providing the training.