Trabalho, Educação e Saúde - TES (Work, Education and Health) is an open access scientific journal, edited by the Joaquim Venâncio Polytechnic School of Health, from Oswaldo Cruz Foundation.
Editorial
Article
This article presents the results attained in a study conducted to verify the perception of community health workers in the city of Palmas, state of Tocantins, Brazil, on the technical training they received. A descriptive survey was carried out using a questionnaire comprising 24 questions drafted to obtain personal data from a sample of 63 Technical Health School of Tocantins graduates and trace their occupational career before, during, and after they took the course. It was found that the graduates entered the job market in an occupation related to a technical area and that, early on in their careers, they were not seen as health care workers. Over the years, they have been standing out for the relevant social role they have played in their communities. Now, they are acknowledged professionally as community health workers and for their importance as links between the community and the health unit. Their technical training made a great contribution to their professional performance, but opportunities for promotions are limited.
Article
This article discusses the continuing education experiences of Brazilians social workers in labor situations that involve health matters. Based on a thematic focus that brings together education and work, it presents the results of an investigation that sought to unveil the social workers' educational experiences and to determine to what extent socio-occupational spaces can serve as a locus to produce know-ledge and training. In the course of this investigation, the concern of drawing training contexts closer to the situations faced in work was not based on understanding adaptability, rather on a critical approach concerned with the education processes in collective work situations. Thus, the narratives that emerged in focus groups conducted during the research process with social workers who work in the field of collective health in Porto Alegre, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, unravel the educational process taking place in these professionals' practice in the health policy.
Article
This study aimed to investigate the opinions and knowledge on oral health among 2009 graduates in Education at the city of Araçatuba (state of São Paulo). To this end, a semi-structured interview was carried out to address the views of the students about education in oral health and their know-ledge concerning aspects related to tooth decay, to Preventive Dentistry, and Dentistry in early childhood. Of a universe of 120 students, 92 (76.6%) agreed to participate in the study. Of these, 86.8% of the students believe that the teacher should act as an educator in oral health, and 92.4% consider it important to integrate with healthcare professionals. Nine percent and 34.8%, respectively, provided correct answers about the concepts of dental plaque and cavities. On the appearance of cavities and about the possibility of having healthy teeth for life, 67% and 83.7%, responded correctly, respectively. Graduates in Education have positive opinions regarding Education in Oral Health; however, they have insufficient know-ledge on the subject, particularly considering they will be future teachers and opinion leaders.
Article
In addition to being a working tool to provide care to people, domiciliary visits can also be used as a teaching strategy in the health area. An exploratory, descriptive, and qualitative study was carried out among eight physiotherapy interns making domiciliary visits at a Family Health Strategy unit and aimed to understand the meanings attributed to this type of health care activity in their learning process. The study used the focal group technique, which was recorded and transcribed for further data analysis and interpretation by means of a thematic analysis, which gave rise to three guiding themes: The experience of the domiciliary visits in primary care and the reorientation of the vocational training of the physical therapist; basic care and domiciliary visits in terms of the humanization of the physical therapy activity; and the reinterpretation of domiciliary visits in building learning. It is concluded that domiciliary visits are an important educational tool in the physiotherapy students' learning process; however, to effectively bring change to the training and health care models, it must be combined with other activities in the care network, such as group activities, participation in campaigns and joint efforts in health and in the local health board, among others.
Article
This study aims to analyze how caregivers working at shelters for youth suffering from psychiatric or neurological disorders express their grief. The data come from the research project titled "Violence, Youth, and Mental Health," which was carried out from 2008 to 2010 by the Institute of Psychiatry at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, and was based on 26 interviews and field observations made with professionals at one of the surveyed shelters. The study method was that of oral stories using a semi-structured script. These narratives were analyzed based on the theory of communications, which allowed categories to be defined. It was found that the conditions, organization, and work processes at the shelters are adverse and cause risks to the professionals' mental health, since they are unprepared to perform this work, in particular with patients suffering from psychiatric and neurological disorders, conditions that cause great distress among caregivers. Finally, it was fund that there is a need to provide training and permanent clinical supervision at the shelters based on the principles of psychosocial rehabilitation. Additionally, it is also necessary to drive greater integration among the tasks carried out at the shelters and those of the remaining special protection networks created for these adolescents.
Article
The article analyzes the insertion of mid-level administrative professionals in health services aiming at discussing the roles they play in the power structures and relations that make up such institutions. Data are presented concerning the workers' understanding of their roles and the relations they envision between their work processes and the management of the Unified Health System. The study was carried out in a health region of the city of Rio de Janeiro, and involved mapping the middle-level administrative work processes at the different public health institutions in this territory. In total, 44 semi-structured interviews were conducted, covering the different processes that were identified. The results show that decision-making prioritization is associated with the devaluation of these professionals, who see themselves as mere implementers of definitions set out by higher hierarchical levels. We conclude that instrumental administrative rationality remains hegemonic in the territory. These aspects lead to reflection on whether or not it is possible to further consolidate SUS without the active participation of the social actors involved in building it, among whom we highlight the administrative agents due to the strategic role they play in the management processes.
Article
The purpose of this article is to contribute to the understanding of the relationship between hygienism and education in the early decades of the 20th century in Brazil. For this, an analysis was made of the discourse of the hygienist physician show-cased in the theses of the 1st National Conference on Education, organized by the Brazilian Association of Education in Curitiba, Paraná, in 1927, mostly using the books titled "Os anormais" (The freaks) (2002) and "A ordem do discurso" (The order of discourse) (2009), both authored by French philosopher Michel Foucault. The examination of theses, as well as the review of the literature in the history of education, led to the realization that, in the 1920s, physicians, intellectuals, and politicians intended to form national awareness on hygiene focused on the progress of the country, establishing concern with the population's physical, mental, and social health.
Article
The general purpose of this study was to examine the effect of training on the acquisition of values in health education among Vila Real Nursing School students, Northern Region, in Trásos-Montes and in Alto Douro, in the municipality of Vila Real, Lordelo, Portugal, compared to those taking other courses. This is a descriptive, comparative, and transverse study. In total, 709 students from seven colleges took place in this research project, and an attempt was made to include authors intervening in the health education process, who replied to a self-completion questionnaire in the period ranging from October to December 2004. Most participants (86.5 percent) believe health education has values to promote, and 'responsibility' is the best value to 19.2 percent of the students. The study showed that it is in the nursing courses that most progress is made in terms of values, with highly significant differences (p < 0.001). Additionally, it also revealed that the 4th year students' average was higher than the 1st year's. These results are evidence of the need there is, in such courses, to work on the values underlying the process, which are so necessary for the performance of these professions.
Review
Review
Ensaio
This essay presents an inter-institutional research initiative that brings together three research groups linked to graduate programs in physical education: the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, the University of São Paulo, and the Federal University of Espírito Santo. The main topics behind the project are the training policies for physical education and public health, which, initially, focus on the Education Program for Work in Health. The investigations to be undertaken aim to monitor and analyze the composition and coordination processes involved in teaching, in services, and in the community in pursuit of constituting a network of knowledge and practices that can meet the challenges of providing training in health committed to defending and consolidating the Unified Health System (SUS).
Interview
Experience Report
The Education for Work in Health Program (PET-Health) is a strategy associated with Pro-Health which recommends actions to transform vocational training in health through greater integration among teaching, community, and service. The purpose of this article is to report, based on the experiences of nursing students at the University of Rio Grande do Norte, the role of PET-Health in the nursing education process. Actions carried out, dynamic activities such as DIY (do-it-yourself), group activities, role playing, videos, and music, among others, brought together teaching, research, and extension and encouraged reflection in the nurse's education process, engendering a fresh look on the conformation of knowledge and daily practices. The interactions, in turn, drove the exchange of knowledge, interdisciplinarity, and a critical and reflective posture among the mediators of this process. These practices have contributed to providing unique training to future nurses, since they emphasized the principles of the Health System and the needs of the population. Strategies such as these should be encouraged and enhanced in order to contribute to education and health practices, making workers aware of and engaged with the population's everyday health needs.