Trabalho, Educação e Saúde - TES (Work, Education and Health) is an open access scientific journal, edited by the Joaquim Venâncio Polytechnic School of Health, from Oswaldo Cruz Foundation.
Editorial
Article
The objective of this study is to understand and problematize the term 'integral' in professional education and health. This term is related to ways to produce health in the core of the services and in education with total access to the knowledge involved in work and education. In health care, the relationship between the professional, with his techniques and knowledge, and the user with his needs and desire to return to autonomy, is one of the areas that points o the integrality of production in health. It is in this environment that professionals and users have power and autonomy and can cooperate or compete. In the study, we used a literature-based qualitative bibliography. Through successive readings of the bibliographic material, we produced an argumentative discussion between different theoretical references in the areas of health and education. In the end, it was possible to identify the different ties that constitute the integrality in health education.
Article
O objetivo deste artigo é discutir sobre o desenvolvimento do direito à saúde no Brasil. Parte-se do processo de construção dos direitos sociais, passando pela assunção destes direitos na Carta Magna Brasileira até chegar às compreensões atuais de certos segmentos sociais sobre o direito à saúde. A análise baseia-se na pesquisa realizada em Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, a respeito da atuação conjunta entre conselhos de saúde e Ministério Público. Pode-se observar que o direito à saúde tem sido associado à ideia de acesso a serviços de saúde. Isto, no entanto, tem se mostrado ser um aspecto limitador na luta pela garantia e ampliação deste direito. Por este motivo, determinados segmentos da sociedade vêm adotando uma postura mais ativa em relação à compreensão sobre este direito. Tal compreensão tem rendido ganhos substanciais na luta pela ampliação do direito à saúde no Brasil. Assim, explicitar as diferentes concepções sobre o direito à saúde de um conselho de saúde que tem se demonstrado atuante no cenário nacional pode dar indícios sobre as formas de atuação possíveis e as estratégias desenvolvidas nestas instituições para a garantia deste direito.
Article
This article presents results of the monitoring of graduates of the School of Health Technology at the State University of Montes Claros, discussing the contribution offered in the education and evaluation done by the students, as well as the professional level in which they find themselves. A telephone survey was used as quantitative methodology, using computer assisted telephone interviews which addressed graduates of technical courses in clinical laboratory science, nursing, pharmacy, dental hygiene, radiology, and trade, offered between June, 2003 and May, 2007. The main results indicate that 78.3% of graduates in the health sector are in the labor market, 73.9% receive one to two minimum wages, 85% recognize that the knowledge acquired helped improve the quality of their work, and 97.2% positively evaluated the faculty and the institution, enhancing the chances of qualification, since they have to overcome many obstacles in order to study. It was concluded that the school fulfills its educational and social role by qualifying professionals placed in health services, enabling their insertion and permanence in the labor market and providing opportunities of professional education for workers living in cities of northern Minas Gerais and other regions. The education developed by the school seeks inclusion, citizenship, and critical-reflexive education.
Article
This article presents a team training experience of Primary Care and managers of the secretary of health of the city of Amparo, Sao Paulo, where cases are discussed in supervised groups, altered by the method of Espirais D'Ascese [Spirals of Asceticism]. This method seeks to support health care professionals in the amplification of the clinic and in the management of groups and collectives, based on the theoretical references of the Paideia method and of the psychology of groups to work on interactions and conflicts. We selected six cases and analyzed aspects of the process of attachment and maturation of this group, which enabled the transformation of destructive feelings into constructive feelings. The presentation and discussion of the cases provided demonstrations of the group's unconscious. It is a way for the group to talk about itself through the clinical case (or managerial), which functions as a metaphor of the group's feelings. Recognizing and accommodating the difficulties strengthens the group because of the realization that everyone has weaknesses and as a result of their sharing, there is dissolution of anxieties, fears, and other feelings that hinder the construction of solutions. An integrated, prepared, and mature group will provide better health care to the population, with less illness and absenteeism and greater professional achievement.
Article
Discussions about the curriculum of nursing refer back to the beginning of the twentieth century, bringing attempts to reorganize the teaching methods of this area. The first schools had a hospital environment and a biomedical model as a contribution for education and assistance. With the expansion of medical and hospital care, the concept of nursing was viewed as a profession committed to science. For many years, technical education was predominant, enhancing curative care which lead to the inconsistency of the health needs of the population. With the ideals of the Health Reform in the 80s, nursing tried to articulate the clinical and epidemiological dimensions from a collective perspective, culminating in the adoption of new curriculum matrices. In 2001, the publication of the curriculum guidelines recommended a generalist, humanist, critical, and reflective education. However, the readings and meanings of the proposed guidelines may suffer local interferences, causing discussions, resistances, and confrontations. These elements bring on other subjectivities about this professional. Thus, our proposal is to articulate the (re)construction of contemporary nurses' identities in scenarios of proposals and curricular changes in nursing graduate programs, seeking an understanding of how the past of curriculum matrices was/is brought to the present with the objective of producing other and new subjectivities.
Article
This article analyzes the practices of a waste recycling cooperative located in Baixada Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, focusing on the organization and labor relations, the knowledge generated in the work processes, and networks of collective action established with the community. The data was obtained through interviews with the workers and their leaders and with the technicians of the NGO Autre Terre, which supports the project. The results of the qualitative research suggest that this experience of solidary and popular economy has become an alternative for social inclusion, creating employment, income, knowledge, and values, in the perspective of a popular and critical education. In the relations of the cooperative with the community are established networks of collective action, recovering the public space in which the awareness of the diversity of ideas and concepts can make it possible to be a good citizen.
Article
Taken from concrete examples gathered over two years of study on the health of teachers, this article proposes a discussion about the strategies that teachers create to face the adversities of everyday school life. With the use of concepts of health and psychodynamics of work, we try to reflect on how teachers deal with adversities such as learning difficulties, the undisciplined behavior of students, the lack of teaching resources, and the teachers fatigue or unwillingness to teach the classes. These strategies - known as coping and escape strategies - which would apparently enhance learning, are also activities that reduce the teacher's burnout, which leads to the trivialization of the educational process.
Ensaio
The article criticizes some currently dominant modalities of determinism, distancing itself from randomized and post-modern thinking. We look to contribute to the sensitive objective explanation of the world in order to keep effective intervention open and conscious in the historical process. The argument presents a paradoxical and painful contrast between economic determinism and a restricted freedom that accompanies it, and then shows how Marxist thought allowed them to overcome the impasses in which both the deterministic naturalists, as well as the post- modern anti-determinists had found themselves. This step requires the demonstration of the development of the work process, in its ontological view (Lukacs), as well as the historic view (Marx), pointing to the effective materialism of social relations, as a means of distribution of singular beings together with the activities of production of its social existence. We conclude by showing how determination in Marxism is not simplistic, and therefore, is not based on an economic truism.
Interview
Experience Report
This report describes the experience of the technical professional training of 250 indigenous community health agents linked to the Special Indigenous Sanitary District of Rio Negro in the state of Amazonas. The initiative promotes the increase of the level of education and the respect towards the specific cultural features of the students. The main pedagogical elements, 'culture', 'territory', 'policy', 'care', 'information', 'education', and 'health planning' form a curriculum matrix that is operationalized through teaching based on research, multilinguism, multi-disciplinarism, and intersectoralism, in tune with the principles of indigenous education, the special attention to the health of indigenous peoples, and of curriculum references of the technical training of community health agents. The pedagogy process fosters the acquisition of skills and competencies to diagnose and monitor health conditions and the risk and vulnerability of indigenous populations, in order to support preventive actions, promotion, treatment, and rehabilitation at the different stages of life, and develop political and communal action in the fight for better health. Preliminary results of the experience show the recognition and strengthening of the indigenous health agents work, the improving the quality of health work in the community, and the highest level of satisfaction of the leaders of the indigenous movement, by broadening the access to a qualified and specialized education.