Trabalho, Educação e Saúde - TES (Work, Education and Health) is an open access scientific journal, edited by the Joaquim Venâncio Polytechnic School of Health, from Oswaldo Cruz Foundation.
Editorial
Article
From the speeches regarding technology found in the most comprehensive lines about professional education, it is intended to bring understanding elements of the normative formulations within the scenario of the current National Education Bases and Guidelines Law (law n.º 9.394, as of December 20, 1996). Then it is carried out the speeches analysis regarding technology articulated on a 'technology' of the professional education discussion and proposition speeches and their repercussion in the legal formulation, from bill n.º 1.258/88 up to the resulting final writing that comprises law n.º 9.394, as of December 20, 1996. In conclusion, it is considered the research perspective, of reflexive debate, to build proposals that take into account the professional education as human education and as transforming praxis of the work-technology-profession-education relationships, in the concrete specificity of every situation and within the set of situations. A redemption perspective of the professional education as a fully public policy, aimed at the interests of the majority, the working class.
Article
This article aims to affirm the idea of the existence of a Marxist program of education in which work, school and praxis as a political-educational activity stand out. It is argued that the problem of Marxist education is a complex elaboration in which various elements are shown organically articulated. The Marxist Education program appears related to the Marxist elaborations made in light of three important elements of everyday life (educational) of the working classes: the educational character of the contradictory relations of work (even if related to abstract work), period of school education, preferably together with the work, and, lastly, the political-educational praxis developed at different associative moments of workers in unions, political parties, places of residence etc., when workers act politically and collectively as a social class defending its interests and strengthening its organization and its political education/training as a potentially revolutionary social class. Starting from a new conception of the work and praxis relationship, we seek to discuss the primacy of work and the neglect of the praxis carried out by previous studies of the area. It is considered that this neglect of praxis mutilates and impoverishes the contribution of Marxist education program.
Article
This article presents the empirical results of research on the concepts and practices of the Technical Schools of the National Health System (SUS-ET), influenced by the policies of professional education in health from the 1980's to the 2000's by the Ministry of Health, namely: large scale project, Program of training of Nursing Assistants (Profae) and long-term educational policy. Based on the current teaching that is in dispute under such policies, an analysis is presented of qualitative empirical material, consisting of academic texts collected through a literature review. Other empirical sources were interviews done with educational coordinators, in which we tried to identify dimensions of our object revealed in the interaction with the research subjects. The written material was submitted to a content analysis, followed by historical and dialectical analysis, based on the category 'theory-practice relationship'. We seek to capture the main contradictions that hinder or enable the education of health professionals towards the emancipation of the working class. The contrast between pragmatism and the philosophy of praxis was the basis of this analysis. The conclusions of this article deal with these contradictions, in terms of the understanding of polytechnic education which sees work as an educational principle, oriented towards transforming social customs.
Article
It is desirable and necessary to historically understand the origin of the polytechnic conception associated to the integrated education, as well as the very own integrated education, two terms whose polysemy may lead to different and even opposing interpretations. Both the polytechnic and the integral education conceptions can be found in literature connected to the school education, even if not exclusively referring to it. The purpose of this paper is twofold. On the one hand, it is intended to place both conceptions within the theoretical universe of the historical materialism, being pointed out that, as they are not exclusive from this universe, they can be found in other universes, with different meanings. On the other hand, it is intended to examine, in details, how two key authors - Marx and Gramsci - develop their views regarding the relationships between education and work mediated by the polytechnic conception and the integral education, and, in a very summarized manner, which are the similarities and differences between then, in regards to this issue.
Article
This text seeks to explain the conception of education and of society's project which is in the origin and development of the Polytechnic School of Health Joaquim Venancio, a theoretical task and a ethically based policy that imposes itself with the beginning of the Post-graduate program strictu sensu in Professional Education in Health. It is emphasized in this analysis that the historical time we live in is of regression in the social, political and educational fields and, therefore, the challenges of the master's program that is starting are more complex. It is intended to develop, based on theory, the understanding of the urgency to build educational processes that bring the new generations to understand capitalist's society's character which becomes more and more not viable and focused on competition, waste, consumption and violence, and, based on this understanding, to produce a collective understanding of the political imperative of a revolutionary approach to overcome the capitalist society.
Article
This paper presents preliminary results of the research "Health technologists' education in Brazil: trends, current scenario and amount/quality relationship". At first, data from college education censuses are analyzed (1991-2006), aiming at the identification of the main characteristics of the development of the offer of health technologists' education courses, being emphasized the private character of the offer explosion, mainly from the first years of the century on, and, as a consequence, the remodeling of the professional education of the 90s, in Brazil. After that, questions regarding the profile of the technologist are presented, as well as the historical characteristics of these courses and the pertinence of their offer within the health area, comparing the specificities of the technician's, the technologist's and the bachelor's education. As a conclusion, indications for the continuity of this research are pointed out, aiming at carrying out compared studies on the education of health technologists in Brazil and in other countries.
Article
The comparison is based on the analogy that is the process of perceiving the differences and similarities in the relationship with the other, people and objects. The issue about the other and the recognition of alterity is the basis of the knowledge of the very own identity and of the distinction in regards to the other beings. Just as sciences have a genesis and a development along the mankind history, the epistemological issues also bear a historicity. When reflecting about the truth of compared studies, about their epistemology, we see they are understandable and convincing as the sociology, the history, the anthropology, the politics, the education etc. refer to the history of their creation. There in the social subjects who produced them are present, as well as the ideologies that pervaded their ideas regarding the scientific truth. In this text, after some preliminary questions required by the handling of the issue, which are, knowledge and truth, history and historicity and the meaning of comparison, I present some reference authors who dealt with this theme and, as follows, some comparative studies I developed in previous creations regarding the matter.
Ensaio
In this paper, we resume the main aspects of a previous paper that aimed at continuing the report of Work and Education GT's scientific production, from the papers selected and discussed by the group at Anped's Annual Meetings (1996 to 2001), resuming the agenda of issues presented in similar reports, analyzing the production from 2002 to 2007. From the theoretical and methodological point of view, GT is guided by the historic materialism, also contemplating the discussion of other theoretical lines and it is committed to the transformation of exploration and belittling forms of the human being. From the point of view of the contents, the most present recurrent issues are as follows: work and education - theory and history; work and basic education; work and education within social movements; worker education in the social relations of production; and enhancement of skills and work which are constituted within the main issue of the most recent period analyzed in this text.