Trabalho, Educação e Saúde - TES (Work, Education and Health) is an open access scientific journal, edited by the Joaquim Venâncio Polytechnic School of Health, from Oswaldo Cruz Foundation.
Editorial
Ensaio
This essay attempts to examine the concept 'working body' and develop a critical reflection about the educational principle of aesthetics and the origin of artistic knowledge, understood in Marxist theory as a contribution to the studies developed in the areas of Work and Education. In our view, these studies fail to consider the aesthetical issue as one of the elements in the cultural history of the worker. On the basis of this analysis, the text presents the main ideological demands and conceptual changes of the bourgeois teleology of art and of the teaching of art in Brazil in the official documents of the most recent Brazilian legislation on education.
Article
Este artigo apresenta parte dos resultados de uma pesquisa com trabalhadores numa refinaria de petróleo, durante a implantação de novas tecnologias em sua planta industrial. A pesquisa buscou verificar o que estas modificações no processo de trabalho produzem na saúde dos trabalhadores. Os resultados mostraram que as novas tecnologias de automação alteram o conteúdo do trabalho, pois a máquina embute a ciência, não deixando mais transparecer o nexo causal entre a doença e a ferramenta de trabalho. Com base nos resultados, discutem-se aspectos que podem contribuir para a construção de uma nova pedagogia de educação para a saúde, que tome o trabalho como princípio educativo.
Article
In this article we propose to reflect upon the use of the concept of "integrality" as a tool in the training of health professionals. We give special attention to the need to listen to health demands, as they must be the basis for the construction of care practices that are participatory, ethical, sympathetic and centred on relationships. The results of the analysis suggest that the main challenges for the training of health professionals are: to develop the professionals' awareness of the need to act critically when faced with the need to attribute responsibilities and to establish a dialogue between governing bodies, managers, users, training institutions and other sectors of society, in an attempt to seek the integrality of health care.
Article
Este artigo é parte de um estudo empírico sobre as mudanças no trabalho em saúde, em função da incorporação de novas tecnologias. O estudo caracteriza-se por uma abordagem interdisciplinar e o referencial teórico que orienta a pesquisa tem como base os conceitos de reestruturação produtiva, competência e subjetividade. Tendo como foco a organização dos serviços e as novas demandas para os trabalhadores de nível médio do ponto de vista da sua qualificação, a pesquisa analisa a relação homem-trabalho na perspectiva das mudanças tecnológicas, das competências laborais, da autonomia, da comunicação e da linguagem. Os resultados do estudo indicam algumas tendências do processo de trabalho que apontam a tecnologização da assistência e do trabalho em equipe, e a necessidade do desenvolvimento profissional e de reestruturação do trabalho em saúde. Entre os desafios levantados, destacam-se a valorização do trabalho e do trabalhador, a incorporação do conceito de competência, o reconhecimento das relações subjetivas e o processo de comunicação
Article
This article presents a reflection concerning the organization of work in nursing in the context of the organization of work in health care. It is theoretically sustained by the historical-dialectic materialism upon human labor process and it is also based upon a critical vision about the profession concept elaborated by the sociology of professions and upon some theories in the field of administration that have been influenced nursing work. The study is based upon data obtained in six (6) field research, three (3) of which resulted in master's theses and three (3) of which resulted in doctorate dissertations. These six researches dealt with the theme of the organization of work in health and nursing, using a qualitative approach and involving the participation of diverse members of nursing team. This study conceptualizes the organization of work from both the workplace perspective and macro-social relationships. It highlights that the transformations that have occurred in the world of work have influenced the work in health care, but the organizational model of work continues influenced by the Taylor's logic of work organization. It concludes that the reality of the organization of nursing work can be changed by nursing professionals' collective action in alliance with other organized sectors of society and in accordance with the health care users' needs.
Article
In a first stage, the article examines the results of a survey with individuals that were looking for a job by referral from the SINE - Brazilian Employment System - in Florianópolis - Santa Catarina, in an attempt to find out the main characteristics of their experience as unemployed. Next, analysing the meaning of unemployment within the logic of capitalist society, it concludes that the unemployed have great difficulty in selling the force of his/her labour, and, in extreme cases, are totally unable, not just to sell this labour, but to sell any other merchandise, with the consequence that they have also great difficulty in buying - or are totally unable to buy - their means of subsistence so as to produce their lives as human beings. From this it is possible to presume that the characteristics of their experience are an expression, in their everyday life, of the production of their degradation as human beings as well as of their efforts to react against this process.
Review
Qualificação profissional: uma tarefa de Sísifo. Cláudia Mattos Kober Campinas/SP: Autores Associados, 2004, 172 pp.
Review
O trabalho em saúde: olhando e experenciando o SUS no cotidiano. Emerson Elias Merhy, et al. São Paulo: Hucitec, 2003, 296 pp.
Review
A miragem da pós-modernidade: democracia e políticas sociais no contexto da globalização. Silvia Gerschman e Maria Lúcia Werneck Vianna. Rio de Janeiro: Fiocruz, 2003, 227 pp.
Debate
The article presents some reflections about the process to regulate the training of community health agents. It briefly describes the trajectory of the occupation, from its creation to its professionalization, as well as the changes required in the organization of the service production processes and of the health workers' training. Next, it deals with the actions developed by the Ministry of Health in order to build instruments to help the training institutions to prepare programmes for the professionalization of the community health agents. Finally, it clarifies some questions raised by those actors that are responsible for proposing forms of professional training that go beyond the current ones.
Debate
The article deals with the professionalization of the community health agent's activity in the context of the social reforms formulated during Brazil's return to democracy in the 80s and 90s, with emphasis on the Brazilian sanitary reform. The central argument is that there is a relationship between the projects for the renovation of social practices in health - such as the reorganization of basic health care through the Programmes of Community Health Agents (Pacs) and Family Health (PSF) - and the emergence of a new category of health worker that requires specific professional training and regulation of the activity in the health labour market. First, we look at the context in which the health social policies were defined as part of the development of a social citizenship, based on the principles of universality and equality between beneficiaries. In a second stage, we deal with the emergence of these new agents, the role they play in the changes taking place in the production of health and the State's role in producing norms to regulate the activity and its participation in the health labour market. Finally, we reflect upon the challenges that the recent regulation of the profession has brought for the professional training of health workers, challenges that contribute to the implementation of the Family Health strategy and help to consolidate the process of sectorial reform.
Interview
Experience Report
The experience narrated here had its origin in the crises and tensions present in the everyday work of a basic health care unit. It was also the result of an effort to change conflict into "care" for the entire team. For this purpose, two practices that were structured to respond to these challenges gave origin to a wider project in permanent health education, called "Caring for the Carer". This initiative attempted to encourage and propagate values and feelings that are normally ignored in processes of education at work. By giving visibility to these inter-subjective dimensions, it was possible to bring to light some essential issues related to the role of carer that should be assumed by the health professional. With the help of socio-dramatic resources in different areas of the project, we also generated a sensitization movement that begins with the professional and his/her identity as a person, includes the recognition of the Other (colleague and patient) and reaches a wider collective, i.e. the institutional one. The project development helped us to understand that the humanization of our services requires the recognition that we, carers, are also human and fragile.