Trabalho, Educação e Saúde - TES (Work, Education and Health) is an open access scientific journal, edited by the Joaquim Venâncio Polytechnic School of Health, from Oswaldo Cruz Foundation.
Editorial
Article
The purpose of this study was to reflect on the deployment of an active teaching and learning methodology in practical settings in undergraduate Pharmacy studies. Problematization has been used as a teaching strategy aimed at training more critical, reflective professionals capable of working and learning together. A pharmacist with this profile is capable of working in the Single National Health System (SUS) integrated with the social context and contributing to improving people's quality of life, as advocated by the National Curriculum Guidelines. For this, the assessment tools provided by the students were analyzed qualitatively, and the main weaknesses and strengths of the process were highlighted. It was possible to analyze the following aspects: practical settings, student orientation, retraining, and assistance. We conclude that, despite the fact that major challenges still remain, including inadequate teacher training, this educational model is consistent with the proposed goal
Article
The aim of this article is to analyze how knowledge about drug abuse and youth has been incorporated into the social practices of workshop participants to drive discussion and awareness, and how they have become tools for workers in social institutions over the past three years. Thirteen interviews were carried out based on a script with questions on: topics discussed and strategies used, contributions for personal and professional development, and problem situation analyses. The results show that the participants develop practices at work and in life that are characterized by their understanding of the intertwined network of causality in drug abuse, which involves reflections on drug commodification, problems arising from the criminalization and from the labor market. Contemporary values and difficulties both family and school have come up against in the socialization process of young people were also addressed. In this sense, care was seen in composing discourses that do not blame the users. Preference is given to an attitude of understanding and dialogue in the face of the problem situations posed. Although discourses oscillate, between the hegemonic and critical forms of capturing the problem, one can see that the more general understanding refers to the complex system of psychoactive drug production, consumption, and distribution and to the search for enhanced social solutions for the issue. The social practices that are developed, however, showed the absence of public policies to face the matter
Article
The goal was to understand the humanization of the nursing actions while designing the nursing staff, learning the meaning of humanization in practice. To achieve this, an exploratory descriptive study with qualitative analysis was used based on the semistructured interview technique. Twelve interviews were conducted with five nurses and seven nursing assistants in a public hospital in Fortaleza, Brazil, in 2005. Data analysis was performed after multiple readings had been made, and the results were interpreted based on the analysis of the content, a process leading to two themes: humanization - treat well, care and respect; and experiencing humanization. It was concluded that the nursing staff, although having made the humanization concept explicit, revealed to be aware of the concept and showed the importance of looking beyond the disease, respecting the child as a human being. There was also concern with the lack of material, which in the view of some subjects rendered it difficult to provide decent, less painful care with resolution.
Article
The proposed Assessment for Quality Improvement in the Family Health Strategy (AQI) was created to offer municipal managers Family Health Strategy (FHS) assessment and quality management tools. This study presents an assessment perspective, via the AQI, that is focused on the health professionals' perceptions. Interviews were conducted with the top-level professionals from the three groups that are most involved with the FHS using the team assessment AQI tools to assess the teams, which were compared with regard to their professional qualifications and time of deployment. The teams' mean scores were compared using Student's 't' test, assuming a level of significance of 5%. A positive perception was noticed among the teams, except in the 'community participation and social control' and 'adolescent health' sub-dimensions. Teams qualified via residences in the family health area performed better. The authors recommend the wider use of this instrument as a means to disseminate and consolidate the proposed FHS quality assessment and monitoring and to underpin the role played by residence as a measure of choice to qualify health professionals in primary care
Article
To be put into practice, Health Surveillance needs health workers to be prepared in order to operationalize it. The purpose of this article is to describe the perception health professionals have on the contributions of the teaching-service integration for the deployment of Health Surveillance. This is a qualitative study conducted in the Butantã School Health District, in the municipality of São Paulo. Research subjects were physicians and nurses working for health facilities located in the region. Data was collected through interviews and analyzed pursuant to the collective subject discourse technique. The results showed that, according to the health professionals, the teaching-service integration is carried out through the supervision of undergraduate medical and nursing students in routine health facility activities. To the health professionals, the contribution made by the teaching-service integration for Health Surveillance is small and boils down to the students' curricular activities. There is a need for a municipal political project for Health Surveillance, and the academy could assist in its preparation. The conclusion is that in order for there to be change in the care practices, it is important to build a political-pedagogical project in partnership with managers, workers, teachers, and students
Article
This article presents an account of the experience of implementing worker's health actions in primary care services in the municipality of Amparo, state of São Paulo, which occurred during the 2001 to 2008 administration period, aiming to contribute to SUS' urgent need to implement of workers' health actions. The analysis made by the authors, actors in managing the process, highlights a few of the key elements for the effective implementation of workers' care actions in the primary care network. Among them, the Family Health Strategy (FHS), along with other elements such as the mixed-base model with continuous pedagogical action and participation in collegiate management, continuing education, and the role of the health workers - proved to be a facilitator process. Structural elements in the construction that was made include the collegiate management model adopted by the department and the way the Occupational Health Reference Center was deployed in the municipality. This arrangement has fostered permanent dialogue among the health, primary care, and referral specialist teams that has been indispensable to the experience.
Article
The HIV/AIDS epidemic is widespread throughout the country and the world, having infected thousands of people in different life cycles. Thus, prevention strategies, both individual and collective, remain essential to reduce and control transmission rates. The purpose of this article is to analyze the health professionals' perceptions about health education practices carried out via collective actions among HIV-positive people. This qualitative study, which uses a descriptive approach, was developed alongside health professionals from five institutions in the city of Niterói, Rio de Janeiro. We used the semistructured interview technique and the content analysis method. The professionals view health education not only as a way to teach and learn, transfer information, exchange ideas and experiences, but also as a tool mutual growth, a reflective and participatory process that helps minimize suffering, to work on expectations and emotions, and to foster citizenship and quality of life. Health education actions enable the recreation of participatory, interactive, cooperative, and inclusive moments; they lead to social and affective development and to socio-political commitments; they draw people closer and humanize interpersonal relationships; they ensure access to prevention, and help produce comprehensive care that can promote health
Article
This study aimed to analyze the skills that have been attributed to oral health technicians (TSB) in Brazil since the enactment of Act 11,889/08, including the terms set forth for their supervision. Documentary analysis was performed comparing the skills set out in mentioned instrument with those called for in legal opinion No. 460/75, issued by the Federal Council of Education, and under Federal Council of Dentistry Resolution No. 63/2005. Thematic analysis techniques were employed considering the skills in terms of direct and indirect actions distributed in four ability areas: health planning and administration, health promotion, disease prevention, and individual care. Although the powers approved under the act have been distributed to a smaller amount of items, compared to the two other documents, from the qualitative point of view, the results of the analysis showed that considerable progress was made with the regulation of the profession, under the approved terms, in all areas of competence. There was a positive impact on the health work process, both regarding inter-professional cooperation and insofar as the supervision of technical activities is concerned. This represents an important victory for those who work in the area and a significant contribution to driving the enhancement of access to dental services
Review
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Ensaio
Este ensaio propõe uma discussão sobre a clínica na prática e na formação acadêmica da enfermagem com base em referenciais teórico-conceituais situados no campo da filosofia, tendo como pistas as relações de poder, saber e subjetividade presentes no encontro entre os sujeitos implicados com a produção do cuidado em saúde e com a formação acadêmica. A clínica na enfermagem foi impregnada pelo referencial biomédico, o que lhe conferiu alguns atributos que condicionaram sua prática: a pretensa neutralidade nas relações entre quem cuida e quem é cuidado, bem como a objetificação dos sujeitos, dos problemas e das necessidades de saúde que limita o olhar e as possíveis intervenções elaboradas no sentido de atendê-las. Nesta perspectiva, estas se pautam na compreensão da doença apenas em sua dimensão orgânica. Encontramos na filosofia espinosista a clínica como um encontro potencializador dos sujeitos, espaço de recriação e ressignificação da vida. Em Epicuro, esse encontro produz também desvios, movimentos aversos a estaticidade e apatia. Partindo dessas concepções, entendemos que a reconstrução da prática clínica no trabalho do enfermeiro passa necessariamente pela reconstrução das relações entre os sujeitos envolvidos na formação e pela produção de dispositivos mobilizadores de subjetividades
Interview
Sociologist Danièle Linhart is a professor at Paris X Nanterre University and a researcher at the National Center for Scientific Research (NCSR), which has ties to the GTM/CRESSPA Laboratory of Gender, Work, and Mobility, at the Paris Center for Sociological and Political Research. She conducts research on the changes in the organization and management of work at modern enterprises, and has authored several books dealing with this issue, such as the collection published in Brazil in 2007 titled A desmedida do capital (The imbalance of capital). She is the coordinator, in France, of the Capes-Cofecub international cooperation agreement that involves the College of Education of the University of Campinas (Unicamp). This interview took place in ambit of the development of activities relating to the cooperation between the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz) and CNRS with regard to studies on the relationship among gender, health, and work. In this interview, Linhart discusses what she calls the difficulty of work, analyzing the modernization processes that are currently underway. She also deals with subjective aspects of the present productive world, and reflects on the recent cases of suicide in French companies.