Trabalho, Educação e Saúde - TES (Work, Education and Health) is an open access scientific journal, edited by the Joaquim Venâncio Polytechnic School of Health, from Oswaldo Cruz Foundation.
Editorial
Article
The article discusses the agenda of the Pan American Health Organization for primary health care and its implications for social protection in Latin America in the 2000s. Exploratory in nature, the study was based on the literature concerning social protection and included the review of the literature and documental analysis as methodological strategies, the technical reference for which was rhetoric analysis. The research sought to identify the concepts and meanings underlying the proposal for 'renewed health in primary care' insofar as the perspective of social protection is concerned, considering three aspects: target population (universal or targeted), scope (comprehensive or limited), and the way the services are organized (public-private relations). Results indicate that, historically, the Pan American Health Organization's political agenda has had continuities and discontinuities. The movement for the renewal of primary health care expresses an important inflection on this agenda, as it suggests a vision for primary health care as a restructuring strategy for the national health systems, in addition to the programmatic approach. However, concerning social protection, the proposals that have been made seem to be compatible with different health system arrangements with regard to the concept of universalism, action scope, and public-private partnerships.
Article
This article discusses the partnership between the State and social organizations for the management of health work in the public sector, with emphasis on the work of the community health agent. This is a case study carried out in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in an environment of expansions in the coverage of the Family Health Strategy. The topic is analyzed in a context of a broader reform of the Brazilian State, starting from the understanding that the public administration reform movement, known as managerialism, is closely related in their actions and values with the productive restructuring that got underway in the 1970s. The results show that the work management model that was deployed operates under the logic of productivity, influencing the model of the health care provided to the population and the organization of the work done by the community health agent. The analysis also highlights the temporality and externality of the work ties as factors that can compromise the progress of democratization, equity, and citizenship in the field of health and work ensured by the Brazilian Constitution of 1988.
Article
The article discusses the educational policies and the supervised curricular internship in the undergraduate nursing course, in addition to the influence of productive restructuring and of the reform of the capitalist State on Brazilian higher education. Because it is a reflective study, the literature on the area and the guidance introduced by the laws concerning the supervised curricular internship and nursing education were used as references. In the historical process of the nursing profession, the care with the professional practice and the possible modes of appropriation of this professional identity are under the
limelight. Thus, the internship is seen as an essential part of the training process; the skills required of the nurse can be learned through it. The supervised
curricular internship should not be seen merely as a requirement of the capitalist world, as it is possible to train a nurse who can reflect on his or her material conditions of existence using the reflective practice in linking teaching and work.
Article
In this article, we defend the argument that the research topic proposed by Freire, when narrowing the content-everyday life relationship, fosters knowledge reconstruction based on social and cultural memories. These memories, turned into emotionally competent stimuli, provide a teaching action that favors the expansion of knowledge and engrams and, thus, enables learners to transform reality. Therefore, we present Freirian ideas about the ontological need
humans have to develop critical awareness about their existential situations, based on thematic research. In this process, the aim is the existential awareness of the subjects, so that, distancing themselves from the situation they are in, they can develop it as an image, picture or slide on which to discuss, argue and challenge to transform. Following this educational attitude, we discuss the neurobiological bases, i.e. how the brain interprets, understands and grasps the information from the investigated contexts and present a few insights on emotionally appropriate stimuli and the learning process.
Article
The study aimed to get to know the views of professors, students, and professionals at basic health units on the teaching-work integration at the
College of Medical Sciences and Health at the Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo. The study sample consisted of 14 professors, 36 sixth year students, and 38 professionals from six partner units, who answered a semi-structured questionnaire on the teaching-work integration and its evolution. The discursive replies were analyzed using the collective subject discourse technique, while the answers to closed questions were analyzed based on frequency distribution. It was found that 73.9 percent of the respondents (most of whom young adults and women) noted progress in the teaching-work integration in recent years, 'with comings and goings,' because 'it is a process,' 'learning that takes time.' The topics that appeared with most emphasis were the distinct interests among the players, the involvement of the university, the student's participation at the health unit, communications, the structure of the basic unit, and knowledge of reality.
Article
The study aimed at assessing the perception undergraduate students of Dentistry have on learning in the area of collective oral health and their involvement with the community, experiencing practical activities. The study is transversal quantitative and descriptive. The study population was 104 students attending the senior year of Dentistry at the University of Fortaleza, in 2008. Data were collected through a semi-structured questionnaire administered by means of an interview. To 36.2 percent of the students, home visits help recognize the social reality. The benefit for the community would come from health education actions, according to 19.2 percent of the students. However, 36.2 percent of the students did not believe home visits were of any importance for their training, and 53.2 percent indicated that these activities contribute very little to community residents. Home visits should provide activities that go beyond data collection, allowing the student to connect with the family pursuant to the logic of the humanization of care. Professors from all areas of knowledge should consider proposals that go beyond clinical care as a set of technical procedures for a proposal in which these activities actually impact oral health, striving to attain a greater bond with this population.
Article
The article discusses continuing education from reflective and rhizomatic perspective, covering the need to deterritorialize the current knowledge on health. It is a review of the literature the theoretical reference for which is structured in historical Marxist materialism. The study describes a brief history of the
educational policy based on two landmark events in the 1980s: A shortage of workers for complex work, which was called an educational blackout, and the
emergence of new higher education in Brazil. Such events, when traversing professional training, reproduce the more hierarchical structure of knowledge
in education in work. While teaching in health has limitations, it also offers possibilities and perspectives to break away from the epistemological rigidity
and to approach the lower education and growth of rhizomes in health practices.
Article
This study aimed to make an integrative review of the literature on integrality and oral health care. Publications made after 2004, both official (Ministry of Health website) and academic papers (Virtual Health Library) were surveyed using five descriptors ('oral health integrality', 'dentistry integrality',' oral health integrality,' 'integrality oral health,' 'oral health comprehensiveness,' 'integrality' - filter 'oral health'). After the exclusion criteria had been applied, 39 references were read and analyzed in the light of the senses of integrality, of which two official documents and 37 academic papers. Unique professional attitudes, the way health services are organized, and planning policies aimed at integrality are contents present in the references. The idea of integrality was connected to their devices (outreach, connection, accountability), academic training, to teamwork, and to the need for different levels of assistance. Other aspects, such as the work process, management mechanisms and intersectionality, should be part of future studies involving the interface of integrality with oral health.
Article
This article aims to compare the primary care professionals' views on advice on healthy lifestyles before and after an educational intervention. It is a qualitative study conducted with 22 professionals at a health center in Belo Horizonte, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. A structured interview was applied before and after the educational intervention, and the data were subjected to content analysis. The results show the difficulty professionals have to adopt
and provide counseling on healthy lifestyles, with little change in their views after the educational intervention. The difficulties were related to financial
and cultural issues, matters related to life and work, and to conservative views. The curative practice with individual accountability and the focus on eating
habits and physical activity predominated. It was noted that, after the educational intervention, more professionals was sensitized with the collective educational and recreational activities and with the need for multidisciplinary work. As such, continuity in the professionals' continuing education is seen as
necessary to allow for reflection on possible views on health in the contemporary context, encouraging the production of care and autonomy.
Ensaio
Thinking the relationship between the education of the body and producing a healthy subject is being able to think of a physical education the practice of which provides health conditions for the subject. It is understood that the body is as a means of permanent representation so the subject can signify
him or herself as a healthy being. The purpose of this reflection is to understand the education of bodily practices as something that allows the subject to represent his or her view of a healthy body. In this respect, it is assumed that it would be crucial to build critical analytical processes on the various educational bodily practices that are instituted in everyday life, with reference to the conditions that subordinate the individual to social order.
Review
Arruda, Maria da Conceição Calmon. Democratização ou cerceamento? Um estudo sobre a reforma do ensino médio técnico dos anos 1990. 2013. Interciência, Rio de Janeiro: 170. 8571933537
Review
Cardoso, Adalberto. Ensaios de sociologia do mercado de trabalho brasileiro. 2013. FGV, Rio de Janeiro: 264. 9788522512966