Trabalho, Educação e Saúde - TES (Work, Education and Health) is an open access scientific journal, edited by the Joaquim Venâncio Polytechnic School of Health, from Oswaldo Cruz Foundation.
Editorial
Article
The proposal set forth by the National Policy on Continuing Education in Health (PNEPS) is to train and develop workers for the Unified Health System (SUS). Based on this assumption, the purpose of this study was to analyze the perceptions nursing assistants have about the Continuing Education (CE) process being carried out by the Visconde de Sabóia School for Education in Family Health (EFSFVS), in Sobral, state of Ceará, Brazil. A qualitative descriptive-exploratory study was undertaken involving ten nursing assistants who participated at least once in the CE activities undertaken by the Sobral CE Coordination. Data were collected through focus group techniques, and results were analyzed from the collective subject discourse. The results showed that there were changes in the nursing assistants' practice after their insertion in the CE activities by means of the empowerment and the improvement of competencies (skills, attitudes, and knowledge). Thus, it is necessary for these workers to remain in the CE process, as well as for their systematic assessment in it in order to reach an efficient, transforming professional practice based on constant learning and aiming to qualifying health care.
Article
To contribute to transforming professional practices, we created a distance learning course for Continuing Education in Health facilitators. Upwards of 150 professionals from Londrina took part in the course. This study aims to examine the contributions of this course from the participants' perspective. This is a quantitative and qualitative survey, and data were collected from focus groups and semistructured interviews. The focus group discussions and interviews were taped and transcribed, and the closed questions processed using the Epi Info software. The results indicate that the course allowed the deployment of collective spaces for reflection on practices and drove team integration. The facilities and difficulties involved securing space, time, material and support, but motivation, interest and participation were also highlighted. It is concluded that a contribution was made to a more humane, welcoming practice among both management and care health professionals.
Article
The aim of this study was to analyze the professor-student relationship at the Federal University of Espírito Santo's school of Dentistry and to discuss the possible impact this relationship has in the teaching-learning process. This is a quantitative exploratory study under which questionnaires containing both closed and open questions were applied to 130 students and 40 professors. The results show that 49% of the students and 45% of the professors believe the professor-student relationship is good. When asked whether they had been reprimanded by the professors in front of a patient, 35% of students responded they had never been, while 65% said they had at least once. The trust in education was worked on by asking the professor if he or she would bring a relative to be treated at the school's clinics. In total, 47% responded positively, showing confidence in the students, in the professors' guidance, and in the quality of care as a guide for their decisions. The professor-student relationship is considered good for both, but a few factors were singled out as negative interferences in the quality of the teaching-learning process, such as the lack of accessibility and educational and social interaction among the players, the professors' arrogance and bullying, and the students' lack of understanding of their limits.
Article
The article analyzes the process of training community health agents in a community in the western zone of Rio de Janeiro, carried out under a project designed to build participatory approaches in health. Based on the ethnographic observation of community and educational practices and by using questionnaires, the study aimed to contextualize the development of the course and analyze the participants' view about the expectations and learning of knowledge on health and the environment. The data show that the course met part of the students' expectations and resulted in the strengthening of local community networks and in some of the participants' social capital. The article aims to contribute to an anthropology of the educational activities, undertaken in formal and informal spaces, both within the context of the formulation and development of such actions and in the vision of the different players involved in the educational programs.
Article
Community health agents (CHA) are among the professional players that make up the Family Health Strategy (FHS) teams, and their performance is considered as critical to the expansion and consolidation of this strategy. Since the first local experiences with CHAs in the late 1970s, their sociodemographic profile has been changing. This article aims to present and discuss the aspect of education and training of the CHAs who work in Program Area (PA) 5.2 of the city of Rio de Janeiro, integrating work and education and understanding the work as an emancipatory principle. This study was formulated based on the methodological triangulation idea, reached here based on the original formulation of Denzin. Data on the CHAs' education were obtained via an individual self-applied questionnaire answered by 301 of the CHAs of the 12 FHS modules and six Community Health Workers Strategy (CHWS) modules of PA 5.2. The presentation and discussion of the data show changes in this worker's educational profile, and it can be concluded that the CHA is a worker who is in search of alternative schooling and vocational training. An expansion of the schooling and technical education is defended as a process to consolidate the Unified Health System.
Article
This article is the outcome of an intense search in theoretical references on the university and professor training subject and aims to analyze the training given to dentistry professors in the light of the historical background of the university institution in the world and in Brazil. It identifies the conflicts that put the contemporary university in crisis, identifies the start of the teaching activity in the history of mankind and its history to the present day, and the conditions under which university professors are trained, pointing to how the first dentistry faculty were trained in Brazil and to their activities and the possible implications of this for the present day. Based on these reports, and by surveying the indicator books of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Level Personnel (Capes) from 2004 to 2007 and recent theoretical references on the professor of dentistry training issue, in particular, we sought to examine the stricto sensu post-graduate work in dentistry in Brazil and, thus, contribute to the debate about the problems in the training of health professionals, specifically in this area. The study was not aimed to analyze the "Pró-Saúde" (Pro-Health), and this aspect may be a limitation.
Ensaio
The purpose of this article is to examine the struggle in the field of educational policies during the proceduring of the Law of Directives and Bases of National Education (Law n.º 9394/1996) in Congress and the most significant changes made to its provisions in the decade after the law was enacted. These are the conflicts among the players of two worlds with conflicting ideologies about the conceptions regarding the society, citizenship, education, school and education: the real world, of the educators, and the official one, the educational system universe. These clashes, at the House of Representatives, led to the 'open reconciliation' of the interests of the supporters of free public education and the backers of private schools as a strategy for the inclusion of their demands under the legislation. At the Senate, a review of the casuistic regimental procedures led to the conclusion that the strong pressure exerted by the system's world power (the Executive), represented by the Ministry of Education, favored the actions of private education interests, which prevailed in a hegemonic manner over those of the advocates of public, secular, free, and quality education at all levels for all citizens. Such procedures replicate in the development of the law during the following decade, since the two educational projects remain in contention in the political arena.
Interview
Claudio Katz was born in Argentina in 1954. He is an economist, a member of the National Council for Science and Technology of Argentina, a professor at the University of Buenos Aires, and the director of several research projects. Katz is the author of numerous interpretation texts of contemporary capitalism and about the global economic crisis. He participates actively in continental forums on free trade disputes, external debt, and militarization. As a member of the of EDI (Leftist Economists), he has published several studies on the political and social situation of both Argentina and of Latin America. Among his publications, the limelight is on the books titled El porvenir del socialismo (The Future of Socialism) (2004) and Las disyuntivas de la izquierda en América Latina (The Crisis of the Left in Latin America) (first edition, 2008), which received honorable mentions from the Premio Libertador al Pensamiento Crítico, and 'El rediseño de América Latina. Alca, Mercosur y Alba' (2006), and 'La economia marxista, hoy. Seis debates teóricos' (2009). In this interview, granted to Trabalho, Educação e Saúde in June 2010, Katz discusses some of his reflections on the contemporary reality of Latin American, noting the criticism of the socalled 'new development,' the socialist perspective of the concept of democracy, and the validity of Latin America Marxism.
Experience Report
This article aims to socialize an experience in a training course offered in the state of Tocantins, Brazil, by the Enerpeixe S.A. outfit in partnership with the State Department of Health (Sesau), the Oswaldo Cruz Institute (OCI), and the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), in addition to presenting the methodology that was employed. The classes were taught by specialists from five IOC/Fiocruz laboratories and involved the training of community health workers and health professionals from municipal departments and the Tocantins State Health Department, affording interaction with the student-professionals in classes that focused on health problems caused by vectors and their major parasites. The perspective that was adopted led to a diversity of information that enabled each participant to understand the life cycle of the vectors and parasites of diseases such as onchocerciasis, mansonelliasis, malaria, leishmaniasis, schistosomiasis, and the Chagas disease. It also allowed interaction with ecological, health and environmental education issues. The training provided teachers and students with an experience on the extent of health problems in the state of Tocantins.