Brazilian Primary Health Care from the perceptions of people with mental healthcare needs: challenges, expectations, and recommendations

Abstract

Primary Health Care is essential for the initial access to mental health needs, integrating with the Psychosocial Care Network. This qualitative study aimed to explore the perceptions of people with mental healthcare needs about the care they receive in Primary Health Care units, seeking to understand the challenges, expectations, and recommendations. Conducted between January and September 2021 in six Family Health Units in a municipality in São Paulo, Brazil, it involved semi-structured interviews with 22 users, analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s Thematic Analysis. The results indicated that, although the services are seen as welcoming, there are reports of deficiencies in the training of professionals to deal with mental health demands. Participants emphasized the need for greater empathy, training, and availability of professionals, as well as the importance of active listening practices and respect for users’ autonomy. Improvements in care were proposed, such as the expansion of multidisciplinary teams, the creation of therapeutic groups and greater integration between mental health and Primary Health Care. The study reinforces the role of Primary Health Care as a strategic space for mental health care, pointing to strategies for strengthening the Psychosocial Care Network.